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When you flip over a formula can and see a long, complex ingredient list, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed — or even concerned. Why are there so many ingredients? And do babies really need all of them? We get it, and we’re here to help make sense of it all so you can feel confident choosing what’s best for your baby.
Read on to discover why formulas contain so many ingredients, which ones play an important role in supporting your baby’s development and how you can make informed feeding decisions.
Why Does Infant Formula Need So Many Ingredients?
According to research in the National Library of Medicine, infant formula is carefully designed to provide the essential nutrients babies need to thrive, and its complexity reflects the composition and (some of the) benefits of breast milk. To mirror this makeup, formula manufacturers use a variety of ingredients — each serving a specific purpose.
Some of the most common and essential ingredients in infant formula include:
- Proteins: The building blocks babies need to grow, often sourced from cow’s milk, goat’s milk, or plant-based options in specialty formulas.
- Carbohydrates: A key energy source, typically from lactose (like in breast milk) or alternative sugars when lactose isn’t an option, such as corn syrup or maltodextrin. Studies reveal that carbohydrates account for about 40% of the calories infants receive from either baby formula or breast milk.
- Fats: Critical for brain development and energy, usually from a blend of oils including sunflower or safflower, coconut, and either palm, soy, or low erucic acid rapseed (canola) oils. Some formulas also contain fat from whole milk.
- Vitamins and minerals: Think iron, calcium, zinc and essential vitamins like A, B, D, and E to support healthy growth.
- DHA and ARA: Omega fatty acids fueling infant brain and eye development.
- Prebiotics and probiotics: Potential extras in some formulas to help support digestion and immune health.
Other ingredients you see might seem unfamiliar or even concerning, but they’re often included for a good reason — either to support infant nutrition or to help the formula stay shelf-stable and/or functional. For example, preservatives or emulsifiers may be included to help maintain freshness, while alternative sugars like corn syrup or maltodextrin are a necessary carbohydrate source when lactose isn’t suitable. In some cases, thickeners are added to support babies with feeding challenges, such as reflux.
Ingredients in Infant Formula: The Good, the Bad and the Necessary
When choosing a formula for your baby, understanding which ingredients to prioritize — and which ones you might want to skip — can make the process feel much more manageable.
Let’s start with the good:
DHA and ARA
High-quality formulas often contain DHA and ARA, two fatty acids naturally found in breast milk. According to research from the National Institutes of Health, DHA and ARA play a critical role during infancy by supporting healthy brain and eye development.
Organic Ingredients
You can find USDA organic formulas, made with organic ingredients and produced under strict standards that support animal welfare and avoid most synthetic chemicals, pesticides, additives and GMOs. Many parents prefer organic options for the peace of mind that comes with cleaner ingredients and more transparent sourcing.
On the flip side, there are a few ingredients you might be wary of. Here’s what you need to know:
Corn Syrup
Some formulas use corn syrup solids or alternative sugars instead of — or alongside — lactose to meet the carbohydrate requirements set by the Infant Formula Act. This is often done to offer an option for babies who may have a milk allergy or trouble digesting lactose. These carbohydrates provide essential energy for growing babies, and when used appropriately, they are safe and necessary for proper development. Because we know that lactose is the primary carbohydrate in breastmilk, and is naturally produced whether or not the lactating parent consumes dairy, babies are biologically-designed to digest it. As breast milk offers the gold standard in infant nutrition, lactose is the ideal carbohydrate source for babies — whether from breast milk or formula.
Carrageenan
Carrageenan, a seaweed-derived additive, is used in liquid formulas to stabilize texture and prevent separation. Some parents worry about its effects on gut health, but the FDA and other regulatory agencies consider it safe for infants, including those 0-12 weeks of age and those with special medical needs.
Palm Oil
Palm oil is used in infant formula to provide palmitic acid, one of the most abundant fatty acids found in breast milk, to support growth and energy needs. However, some concerns exist about its potential impact on calcium absorption and stool consistency. If you’re looking to avoid palm oil, there are alternative formulas available that include other plant-based oils instead.
Heavy Metals
Some infant formulas may contain trace amounts of heavy metals like lead and arsenic, often from ingredients like rice or conventionally-processed oils. While these levels are typically within the safety limits set by regulatory agencies, parents may prefer organic formulas made with Clean Label Project certifications to avoid any potential risks.
When it comes to baby formula, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer — and the ingredients inside are there for a reason. The best formula for your family is the one that feels right for your values and gives your little one the nutrition they need to thrive.
Comparing American Baby Formula and European Baby Formula
On top of long ingredient lists, infant formulas are also subject to different regulations depending on where they’re made: European formulas are generally subject to stricter regulations, particularly regarding ingredient safety and nutritional standards. They also tend to avoid ingredients like corn syrup and soy, which are more commonly used in USDA-style formulas.
While both U.S. and European formulas are designed to meet strict safety and nutritional guidelines, some parents may prefer EU-inspired options for added peace of mind. Ultimately, the choice depends on your little one’s needs and personal preferences.
How To Pick the Right Infant Formula
Looking for the best formula for your baby? Here are a few considerations to help you make the right choice:
- Read labels carefully: Take the time to review your formula’s ingredient list and look for key nutrients like DHA and ARA, as well as additives like pre- and/or probiotics (if desired). Understanding what’s included helps you make a more informed choice for your little one
- Weigh the pros and cons of organic options: Stuck between an organic or regular formula option? If you’re looking for a formula free from synthetic pesticides and additives, an organic option may be a good fit for your family.
- Stay aware of misleading marketing: Be cautious of formulas that make overly exaggerated claims, like “miracle brain boosters” or “guaranteed to make your baby sleep through the night.” Focus on the actual ingredients, not just the buzzwords on the packaging of commercial infant formula.
- Verify safety and production standards: All formulas must meet safety and quality standards set by the USDA and FDA, but you may want to look for options that meet stricter EU-style standards for added peace of mind.
- Consult your pediatrician: When in doubt, your pediatrician is your best resource for personalized advice about infant formula. They can help guide you in selecting an option that fits your baby’s health needs and sensitivities.
Infant Formula FAQs
Discover answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about infant formula and its ingredients:
How do I read a baby formula ingredient list?
Look for key nutrients that support your baby’s development while staying mindful of ingredients like preservatives or palm oil. The ingredient order can give you added insight — the first listed are the most prevalent, and typically represent the sources for protein, carbs, and fats.
How does the FDA regulate baby formulas?
The FDA regulates infant formula like any other food but with extra rules, as it’s often the only source of nutrition for babies during a critical growth period. These regulations, outlined in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), The Infant Formula Act of 1980, and other FDA guidelines, ensure formulas are safe and meet nutritional standards.
How can I tell if my baby is allergic to formula?
Signs of a formula food allergy include skin rashes, vomiting or changes in bowel movements (particularly, excess mucus and/or visible or occult blood). If you notice any of these symptoms, consult your pediatrician to rule out allergies or sensitivities and find a better-suited option if necessary.
What does the “use by” date mean on infant formula product labels?
The FDA requires a “Use-By” date on infant formula containers, marking the last day it’s guaranteed to meet the nutritional claims and quality standards listed. This ensures your baby gets the full benefits of their formula. Opened formula containers should be used within a month of opening.
Support Your Baby’s Health With Confidence
Choosing the right formula for your baby can feel overwhelming, but rest assured every option is designed to support your little one’s health and growth. The trick is finding what fits their needs — and your family values and routine. And if organic is what you’re looking for, Bobbie’s got you covered.
Bobbie offers organic, clean-label certified infant formula that meets high safety and nutritional standards. With gentler ingredients, you can feel confident that your baby is getting the best start possible.
Ready to get started with a formula you can trust? Shop Bobbie Organic Infant Formula today.